International Journal of Management

The rapid growth of international e-commerce has significantly increased global shipping emissions, resource consumption, and waste generation, especially in packaging and last-mile delivery systems. Although sustainability policies, carbon-neutral shipping programs, and circular logistics models are emerging, implementation is inconsistent due to high logistics cost, technological gaps, fragmented regulations, and consumer behavior. This study examines sustainable shipping models used across Europe, East Asia, North America, and developing economies using conceptual analysis and hypothetical data simulations. Results indicate that hybrid models combining renewable fuel, optimized routing, localized micro-fulfillment centers, and reusable packaging reduce carbon footprints significantly while preserving shipping speed. A multi-tier governance and operational framework is proposed for stakeholders.