International Journal of Management

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is committed to ensuring transparency, integrity, and objectivity in scholarly publishing. The journal follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) regarding the identification, disclosure, and management of conflicts of interest. All authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial staff are expected to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that could influence the research, peer review, or editorial decision-making process.

Author Disclosure

Authors must disclose any financial, personal, institutional, professional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived to influence the design, conduct, interpretation, or reporting of their research. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to:

• Employment or consultancy.
• Financial support, grants, or sponsorship.
• Honoraria or speaker fees.
• Stock ownership or shareholding.
• Patents or patent applications.
• Personal, academic, or professional relationships that may influence the research.

All sources of funding and the role of the funding organization, if any, must be clearly disclosed within the manuscript.

If no conflicts of interest exist, authors should include the following statement:

"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work."

Reviewer Responsibilities

Reviewers must disclose any conflicts of interest that could affect their ability to provide an objective and impartial review. Reviewers should decline a review invitation if they have any financial, personal, professional, collaborative, institutional, or competitive relationship with the authors or the research that could influence their judgment.

Reviewers must not use confidential information obtained during the peer review process for personal or professional advantage.

Editor Responsibilities

Editors must conduct the editorial process impartially and independently. Editors should recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have any actual or perceived conflict of interest, including financial, institutional, collaborative, or personal relationships with the authors or the research. In such cases, the manuscript will be assigned to another qualified editor.

Editorial decisions are based solely on the scientific quality, originality, ethical compliance, and relevance of the manuscript, without regard to personal or commercial interests.

Management of Conflicts of Interest

The Editorial Office evaluates all disclosed conflicts of interest to determine whether they could affect the integrity or credibility of the publication process. Where necessary, the journal may request additional information, require further disclosure, assign alternative reviewers or editors, or take other appropriate measures to ensure an impartial evaluation.

Failure to disclose a relevant conflict of interest may result in editorial action, including manuscript rejection, publication of a correction, retraction of the article, or notification of the authors' institution, in accordance with COPE guidance.

Transparency

Conflict of interest disclosures form part of the journal's commitment to transparency and research integrity. Relevant disclosures will be published with the article where appropriate, allowing readers to assess any potential influences on the research.

Commitment to Ethical Publishing

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is dedicated to maintaining a transparent, fair, and unbiased publication process. By following the recommendations of COPE and ICMJE, the journal ensures that all conflicts of interest are appropriately disclosed and managed, thereby protecting the integrity, credibility, and trustworthiness of the scholarly record.