International Journal of Management

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is committed to preserving the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. When significant errors or evidence of research misconduct are identified in published articles, the journal takes appropriate corrective action in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and internationally recognized publishing standards.

Corrections

The journal will publish a Correction (Erratum or Corrigendum) when errors are identified that affect the accuracy or clarity of a published article but do not invalidate its overall findings or conclusions.

Corrections may be issued for, but are not limited to:

• Typographical or factual errors.
• Errors in author names, affiliations, or contact information.
• Incorrect figures, tables, or references.
• Minor errors in data presentation that do not alter the scientific conclusions.
• Omissions or inaccuracies in acknowledgements, funding information, or conflict of interest disclosures.

Corrections will be clearly linked to the original published article to ensure transparency and maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Retractions

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable due to research misconduct or significant error. Retractions are intended to correct the scholarly record and inform readers that the published work should not be relied upon.

Retraction may be considered in cases including, but not limited to:

• Plagiarism or extensive unattributed text overlap.
• Duplicate or redundant publication.
• Fabrication or falsification of data.
• Serious methodological or analytical errors that invalidate the findings.
• Unethical research involving human participants or animals.
• Authorship manipulation or fraudulent authorship claims.
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest that significantly affect the integrity of the research.
• Other forms of research or publication misconduct.

Retraction notices will remain permanently linked to the original article and will clearly state the reason for the retraction while preserving the integrity of the scholarly record.

Expressions of Concern

Where a serious concern has been raised about a published article but sufficient evidence is not yet available to reach a final decision, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern. This notice will remain in place until the investigation is concluded.

Investigation Procedure

All requests for corrections or allegations requiring retraction are investigated fairly, objectively, and confidentially by the Editorial Office. Authors may be asked to provide explanations, original data, supporting documentation, or additional information during the investigation.

The journal follows the COPE Flowcharts and Retraction Guidelines when evaluating whether a correction, expression of concern, or retraction is appropriate.

Editorial Responsibility

The Editor-in-Chief has the final authority to determine whether a correction, expression of concern, or retraction should be issued. Editorial decisions are based solely on the available evidence and the need to preserve the integrity and reliability of the published literature.

Commitment to Research Integrity

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is committed to maintaining an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record. By following the recommendations of COPE, the journal ensures that corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions are handled promptly, transparently, and responsibly, thereby protecting the credibility of published research and the integrity of academic publishing.