International Journal of Management

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is committed to promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity in scholarly publishing. The journal follows the authorship recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the ethical guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All individuals listed as authors must have made substantial intellectual contributions to the research and must accept responsibility for the published work.

Authorship Criteria

To qualify for authorship, each author should meet all of the following criteria:

• Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the research, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
• Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
• Approve the final version of the manuscript before submission and publication.
• Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to cooperate in resolving any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of the research.

Individuals who do not meet these criteria should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged appropriately.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for:

• Ensuring that all eligible contributors are appropriately listed as authors.
• Confirming that all authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
• Managing all communications with the Editorial Office during submission, peer review, and publication.
• Ensuring that all required ethical declarations, conflict of interest disclosures, funding information, and supporting documents are submitted accurately.
• Acting on behalf of all co-authors throughout the publication process.

Contributorship

The journal encourages authors to clearly describe the specific contributions of each author. Contributions may include study conception, methodology, data collection, formal analysis, investigation, writing of the original draft, manuscript review and editing, supervision, project administration, or funding acquisition. A contributorship statement should be included in the manuscript where applicable.

Acknowledgements

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately. Such contributions may include technical assistance, language editing, administrative support, statistical advice, or financial support. Authors should obtain permission from acknowledged individuals before including their names.

Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be submitted in writing to the Editorial Office by the corresponding author. Such requests must include:

• A clear explanation for the requested change.
• Written consent from all listed authors, including any author being added or removed.

The Editor-in-Chief will evaluate the request in accordance with COPE guidance before making a decision. Authorship changes after acceptance will be considered only under exceptional circumstances.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

The International Journal of Management does not permit unethical authorship practices, including:

• Guest or Honorary Authorship: Listing individuals who have not made substantial scholarly contributions.
• Gift Authorship: Granting authorship as a favor or out of personal or professional relationships.
• Ghost Authorship: Excluding individuals who made substantial contributions and qualify for authorship.
• Misrepresentation of author contributions or affiliations.

Such practices are considered publication misconduct and may result in manuscript rejection, correction, retraction, or notification of the authors' institutions where appropriate.

Author Accountability

All authors share responsibility for the integrity, originality, and accuracy of the published work. Authors are expected to cooperate fully with the Editorial Office in responding to questions, providing original data when requested, and correcting or retracting published work if significant errors or ethical concerns are identified.

Editorial Responsibility

Editors may request clarification regarding authorship or individual contributions at any stage of the editorial process. Any disputes concerning authorship will be handled in accordance with the recommendations and flowcharts of COPE. The journal reserves the right to suspend or reject the review or publication process until authorship issues have been satisfactorily resolved.

Commitment to Ethical Authorship

The International Journal of Management (IJM) is committed to ensuring that authorship accurately reflects individual scholarly contributions. By adhering to the recommendations of COPE and ICMJE, the journal promotes transparency, accountability, and fairness in authorship and contributorship, thereby preserving the integrity of the scholarly record.